This phenomenon leads to fracture under repeated or fluctuating stress. Fatigue fractures are progressive beginning as minute cracks and grow under the action of fluctuating stress. The fatigue properties of a material determine its behavior. when subjected to thousands or even millions of cyclic load applications in which the maximum stress developed in each cycle is well within the elastic range of the material. Under these conditions failure may occur after a certain number of load applications , or the material may continue to give service indefinitely. In many instances a component is designed to give a certain length of service under a specified loading cycle. Many components of high speed aero and turbine engines are of this type.
Various types of melting furnaces are used in different foundry shops, depending upon the quantity of metal to be melted at a time, and the nature of work that is carried out in the shop. The primary objective in cupola is to produce iron of desired composition, temperature and properties at the required rate in the most economical manner. Besides, this furnace has many distinct advantages over the other types, e.g., simplicity of operation, continuity of production, and increased output coupled with a high degree of efficiency. Description Of a Cupola : The Cupola Furnace consists of a vertical, cylindrical steel sheet, 6 to 12 mm thick, and lined inside with acid refractory bricks or acid tamping clay. The refractory bricks or the tamping clay used consist of silicon oxide acid (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). The lining is generally thicker in the lower where the temperatures encountered are higher than in the upper region. The shell is mounted either on a brick work fo...
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