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BASIC DEFINITIONS IN MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing is collection of interrelated activities that includes product design, documentation, material selection, planning, production, quality assurance, management and marketing of goods. The aim of manufacturing activities is to convert raw materials into finished goods on a profitable basis.



Productivity : The dictionary meaning of the productivity is "the quality or state of being productive". This has originated from the understanding of the meaning of productive efficiency that is responsible for the growth of the economic condition of any industry or industries as a whole resulting in the prosperity of the society for improving the standard of living of its people. Productivity is the output - input ratio within a time period with due consideration for quality. In short,

Productivity = output / input  or P = O / I

This concept of productivity implies effectiveness and efficiency of individual and organizational performance.

Different Techniques of productivity improvement may be classified into five basic types, These are :

1. Employee Based Techniques.

2. Task Based Techniques.

3. Technology - Based Techniques.

4. Material Based Techniques.

5. Product Based Techniques.




Interchangeability : Interchangeability refers that any part from a lot will fit to its counter parts. This is accomplished by establishing tolerances for part dimensions that take into account the manufacturing tolerance of mating parts. The result of design for interchangeable parts is interchangeable assembly. Assembly costs then become much lower than they would be if workers has to select combinations of mating parts that fit.




Just In Time (JIT) Management : Just In Management, also known as synchronous manufacturing, lean production and stockless manufacturing is a Japanese Manufacturing philosophy which draws the attention of every modern manufacturing planners. The JIT Philosophy evolves from three principles : reduction of production cost, elimination of waste and the recognizing workers abilities. The JIT strives to reduce work in process (WIP) by producing only the minimum number of required parts. It has been disclosed as the demand pull rather than a schedule push. This description is based on the pulling action of KANBAN ( A kind of Visible Record or Cord ) , The production control system is used to ensure that the right amount of parts is made at the right time. In a JIT System, parts or components are not produced until these are needed by the downstream work centers. The subassembly and parts requirements are actually determined on the final assembly line and passed upstream to supply work centers. This pull system works because of the commitment to many other elements that make up the JIT philosophy.




  

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