Skip to main content

BASIC DEFINITIONS IN MANUFACTURING

Manufacturing is collection of interrelated activities that includes product design, documentation, material selection, planning, production, quality assurance, management and marketing of goods. The aim of manufacturing activities is to convert raw materials into finished goods on a profitable basis.



Productivity : The dictionary meaning of the productivity is "the quality or state of being productive". This has originated from the understanding of the meaning of productive efficiency that is responsible for the growth of the economic condition of any industry or industries as a whole resulting in the prosperity of the society for improving the standard of living of its people. Productivity is the output - input ratio within a time period with due consideration for quality. In short,

Productivity = output / input  or P = O / I

This concept of productivity implies effectiveness and efficiency of individual and organizational performance.

Different Techniques of productivity improvement may be classified into five basic types, These are :

1. Employee Based Techniques.

2. Task Based Techniques.

3. Technology - Based Techniques.

4. Material Based Techniques.

5. Product Based Techniques.




Interchangeability : Interchangeability refers that any part from a lot will fit to its counter parts. This is accomplished by establishing tolerances for part dimensions that take into account the manufacturing tolerance of mating parts. The result of design for interchangeable parts is interchangeable assembly. Assembly costs then become much lower than they would be if workers has to select combinations of mating parts that fit.




Just In Time (JIT) Management : Just In Management, also known as synchronous manufacturing, lean production and stockless manufacturing is a Japanese Manufacturing philosophy which draws the attention of every modern manufacturing planners. The JIT Philosophy evolves from three principles : reduction of production cost, elimination of waste and the recognizing workers abilities. The JIT strives to reduce work in process (WIP) by producing only the minimum number of required parts. It has been disclosed as the demand pull rather than a schedule push. This description is based on the pulling action of KANBAN ( A kind of Visible Record or Cord ) , The production control system is used to ensure that the right amount of parts is made at the right time. In a JIT System, parts or components are not produced until these are needed by the downstream work centers. The subassembly and parts requirements are actually determined on the final assembly line and passed upstream to supply work centers. This pull system works because of the commitment to many other elements that make up the JIT philosophy.




  

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

ELECTRICAL COMPARATORS AND ITS WORKING

Electrical Comparators are used as a means of  detecting and amplifying small movements of a work contacting elements. An electrical comparator consists essentially of  a pick-up head or transducer for converting a displacement into a corresponding change in current and a meter or recorder connected in the circuit to indicate the electrical change, calibrated to show in terms of displacement. Generally, an amplifier is needed to provide the requisite sensitivity and to match the characteristics of different parts of  the circuit. Electrical comparators can be classified according to the electrical principle used in the pick-up head. Most of the comparators use either a differential transformer, an inductance bridge, a strain gauge or a capacitor as a means of detecting movement of the gauging element. There are different types of  electrical comparators. One kind called an electrolimit gauge is used to check or measure the outside diameter of a  roll. The objec...
1 comment
Read more

SIMPLE CARBURETOR - CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

CONSTRUCTION OF SIMPLE CARBURETOR :  The main Components of Simple Carburetor are : Float Chamber, float, nozzle, venturi, throttle valve, inlet valve, and metering jet . In the float chamber, a constant level of petrol is maintained by the float and a needle valve.  The float chamber is ventilated to atmosphere.  This is used to maintain atmospheric pressure inside the chamber. The float which is normally a metallic hollow cylinder rises and closes the inlet valve as the fuel level in the float chamber increases to certain level. The mixing chamber contains venturi, nozzle and throttle valve. The venturi tube is fitted with the inlet  manifold. This tube has a narrow opening called venturi. A nozzle is provided just below the centre of this venturi. The nozzle keeps the same level of petrol as that of the level in the float chamber. The mixing chamber has two butterfly valves.  One is to allow air into the mixing chamber known as choke valve. The other is to al...
Post a Comment
Read more

TOP POLLUTION RECORDED IN WORLD

CHERNOBYL NUCLEAR DISASTER (NUCLEAR POLLUTION) :  In April 26,1986, the melt down of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor , in Russia, has leaked out the radioactive rays and radioactive materials.   Effects : 1. In this Pollution nearly 2000 persons have been killed by the accident. 2. People suffered due to the illness such as, degeneration of the cells, severe bleeding, anemia, skin cancer. 3. Animals, Plants are also affected by nuclear radiation.  MINAMATA EPIDEMIC (1953) : MARINE POLLUTION ( CASE STUDY ) Minamata is a small coastal village in Japan. The Chisso Chemical Company , which produces vinyl polymer plastics used organomercurial compound. The industry released its effluent into Minamata sea. The effluent containing mercury ions is converted into methyl mercury, which is highly toxic.  The marine organisms like phytoplankton and zoo-planktons easily absorb the toxic methyl mercury compound. These organisms are consumed by small fishes and these are in ...
Post a Comment
Read more