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AUTOMATION , MECHANIZATION CAD, CAM AND CIM

AUTOMATION AND MECHANIZATION 

Automation refers to the situation where a machine or group or machines replaces a human function or attribute. Mechanization refers to the preliminary automation process, which includes semiautomatic machines.



Automation in Manufacturing can be classified as :

1. Fixed Position Automation , and 

2. Soft Automation.

In Fixed ( position ) automation , the sequence of processing operations is fixed by the equipment configuration. This type of automation is achieved by cams, gears, wiring and other hardware. This configuration cannot be easily changed over quickly from one product types to other. 




High production rates and high initial investment is the prerequisites of this type of system. Transfer    lines / machines, automatic screw machines, automatic assembly lines are the few examples. 

Soft Automation can further be divided into two types : programmable and flexible. 

In programmable automation, the production system is capable of manufacturing a variety of product types through numerical programming. However, changeover time, from manufacturing one type to the other type of component, cannot be eliminated. A numerical control machine is the example of this type. Generally a batch of components is produced at a time till the changeover takes place. Production rates in programmable automation are generally lower than that of fixed automations.



In Flexible automation, the changeover of the equipment for the manufacturing different component is very quick and automatic . The programming of the machine / Facility is done off -line. In this type a mixture of different products can be produced one after another without any delay in between. Flexible machining system / center is one such example of flexible automation. 



Advantages Of Automation :

1. Increased productivity due to high throughput.

2. Lowering the laboring costs.

3. Safety in processing.

4. Efficient utilization of materials.

5. Reduction of In-process Inventory.

Computer Aided Design (CAD) is the application of computer hardware and graphics software to aid or enhance the product design from the conceptualization to documentation. In utilizing CAD, the computer draws pictures on the video screen or computer controlled cathode ray tube (CRT) of what the engineer has designed. The sophisticated CAD software is able to draw lines between points, creating a three dimensional drawing that can be rotated too show all sides of the design. As such, CAD can speed up the normally slow and laborious work of drafting. 




Computer - Aided Manufacturing (CAM) is the implementation of a wide range of automation technologies. It is the effective use of computer hardware and software in planning, management and control of production of an enterprise.


Computer Integrated Manufacturing (CIM) is the integration of all aspects of manufacturing enterprise through the use of integrated systems and data communications coupled with new managerial philosophies that improve organizational and personal efficiencies. In a CIM, flexible automation of all manufacturing activities is realized. It represents the direction of the development of modern manufacturing.



Potential benefits of CIM are :

1. Improved Customer Service.

2. Improved quality.

3. Reduce Inventory Level.

4. Lower total Costs.

5. Increase productivity.

6. Lower in WIP Inventory.

7. High Through - put.


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