Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, Amended in 1983, 1986 and 1991

This act is aimed to protect and preserve wildlife. Wildlife refers to all animals and plants that are not domesticated. India has rich wildlife heritage. It has 350 species of mammals, 1200 species of birds and about 20,000 known species of insects. Some of them are listed as "endangered species" in the Wildlife (Protection) Act.

Wildlife is an integral part of our ecology and plays an essential role in its functioning. The wildlife is declining due to human actions., the wildlife products -Skins, furs, feathers, ivory etc., have decimated the populations of many species.

Wildlife populations are regularly monitored and management strategies formulated to protect them.

Objectives of the wildlife act :

i) To maintain essential ecological processes and life-supporting systems.

ii) To preserve biodiversity.

iii) To Ensure a continuous use of species.

Important Features :

1. The act covers the rights and non-rights of forest dwellers.

2. It provides restricted grazing in sanctuaries but prohibits in national parks.

3. It also prohibits the collection of non-timber forest.

4. The rights of the forest dwellers recognized by the forest policy of 1988 are taken away by the Amended Wild life Act of 1991.

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