Fluid is a defined as a substance which continuously deforms under the action of shearing forces. Liquids and gases are termed as fluids. A fluid is said to be incompressible if its density does not change with a change in pressure. Liquids are incompressible. A fluid said to be compressible if its density changes with a change in pressure or temperature or velocity. Gases are compressible. The effect of compressibility must be considered in flow problem of gases.
Various types of melting furnaces are used in different foundry shops, depending upon the quantity of metal to be melted at a time, and the nature of work that is carried out in the shop. The primary objective in cupola is to produce iron of desired composition, temperature and properties at the required rate in the most economical manner. Besides, this furnace has many distinct advantages over the other types, e.g., simplicity of operation, continuity of production, and increased output coupled with a high degree of efficiency. Description Of a Cupola : The Cupola Furnace consists of a vertical, cylindrical steel sheet, 6 to 12 mm thick, and lined inside with acid refractory bricks or acid tamping clay. The refractory bricks or the tamping clay used consist of silicon oxide acid (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). The lining is generally thicker in the lower where the temperatures encountered are higher than in the upper region. The shell is mounted either on a brick work fo...
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