Green Chemistry And Its 12 Principles :

Green Chemistry  is the chemistry that involves designing and production of chemicals without polluting the environment.ie, Green chemistry is the pollution free chemistry.

Goal (or) 12 Principles Of Green Chemistry :

1. Prevention of wastes :

It is better to prevent wastes than to treat or clean up wastes after they have been created.

2. Atom Economy :

Synthetic methods  should be designed to maximize the incorporation of all materials used in the process of formation of final product.

3. Less hazardous chemical  Synthesis :

Synthetic methods should be designed to use and  generate materials, which posses no toxicity or little to human health and the environment.

4. Designing safer chemicals :

Chemical substances should be designed to affect their desired functions during minimizing their toxicity.

5. Safer Solvents and auxiliaries :

The use of auxiliary substances (eg., toxic solvents, separation agents, etc.,) should be made unnecessary wherever possible and not harmful when used.

6. Design For Energy Efficiency :

Energy requirements, during the chemical processes, should be minimized. If possible, synthetic methods should be carried out at ambient temperature and pressure.

7. Use of  renewable Feedstock :

Raw materials or feed stocks used should be  renewable rather than depleting.

8. Reduce derivatives :

Unnecessary derivatives should be minimized or avoided if possible, because such steps require additional regents and generate wastes.

9. Catalysts :

Catalytic reagents are superior to stoichiometric reagents.

10. Design for Degradation :

Chemical products should be designed in such a way that at the end of their function they break down into harmless degradation products and do not persist in the environment.

11. Real time analysis for pollution Prevention :

Analytical methodologies need to be developed to allow for real-time, in-process monitoring and control prior to the formation of hazardous substances.

12. Inherently safer chemistry for Accident prevention :

Substances and some form of a substance, used in a chemical process, should be chosen to minimize the chemical accidents, including releases, explosions and fires.