Skip to main content

Disaster Management - Landslides

 Landslides :

The movement of earthy materials like coherent rock, mud, soil, and debris from higher region to lower region due to gravitational pull is called landslides. 


Causes Of landslides :


1. Down hill movement of earth is mainly caused by rain, forces, either increasing the top material weight, lubricating the various layers, or making the slope too steep. 

2. Movement of  heavy vehicles on the unstable sloppy regions create landslides. 

3. Earthquake, shocks, vibrations and cyclone create landslides.

4. Erosion in the hilly tract due to run-off water during rainy period also leads to land slides.

5. Underground caves and underground mining activities may also lead to subsidence.

6. Unconsolidated sediments exposed due to logging, road or house building also cause landslides. 

Effects of  Landslides :


1. Landslides block the roads and diverts the passage.

2. Erosion of soil increases. 

3. Sudden landslides damage the houses, crop yield, live stock etc.,

Landslides Management : 

It is very difficult to control landslides. How ever, these can be minimized by 

1. Unloading the upper parts of the slope.

2. Improving the cultivation in the sloppy region, the roots of  which provide cohesion and retards the flow of water and its erosion capacity.

3. Steepness of the slope can be reduced by developing benches.

4. Concrete support can be made at the base of the slope. 

5. Draining the surface and sub surface water from the weak sloppy regions.

6. Soil stabilization using some chemical (quick lime) is also effective in weak areas.

 

Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

SIMPLE CARBURETOR - CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

CONSTRUCTION OF SIMPLE CARBURETOR :  The main Components of Simple Carburetor are : Float Chamber, float, nozzle, venturi, throttle valve, inlet valve, and metering jet . In the float chamber, a constant level of petrol is maintained by the float and a needle valve.  The float chamber is ventilated to atmosphere.  This is used to maintain atmospheric pressure inside the chamber. The float which is normally a metallic hollow cylinder rises and closes the inlet valve as the fuel level in the float chamber increases to certain level. The mixing chamber contains venturi, nozzle and throttle valve. The venturi tube is fitted with the inlet  manifold. This tube has a narrow opening called venturi. A nozzle is provided just below the centre of this venturi. The nozzle keeps the same level of petrol as that of the level in the float chamber. The mixing chamber has two butterfly valves.  One is to allow air into the mixing chamber known as choke valve. The other is to al...
Post a Comment
Read more

MELTING FURNACES FOR FERROUS METALS : CUPOLA AND ITS WORKING

Various types of melting furnaces are used in different foundry shops, depending upon the quantity of metal to be melted at a time, and the nature of work that is carried out in the shop.  The primary objective in cupola is to produce iron of desired composition, temperature and properties at the required rate in the most economical manner. Besides, this furnace has many distinct advantages over the other types, e.g., simplicity of operation, continuity of production, and increased output coupled with a high degree of efficiency.  Description Of a Cupola : The Cupola Furnace consists of a vertical, cylindrical steel sheet, 6 to 12 mm thick, and lined inside with acid refractory bricks or acid tamping clay. The refractory bricks or the tamping clay used consist of  silicon oxide acid (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). The lining is generally thicker in the lower where the temperatures encountered are higher than in the upper region. The shell is mounted either on a brick work fo...
Post a Comment
Read more

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Air Refrigeration System :

 Advantages Of  Air Refrigeration : 1. The refrigerant used namely air is cheap and easily available. 2. There is no danger of fire or toxic effects due to leakages. 3. The weight to ton of refrigeration ratio is less as compared to other systems. Disadvantages Of Air Refrigeration : 1. The quantity of  Refrigerant used per ton of refrigeration is high as compared to other systems. 2. The COP of the system is very low. Therefore running cost is high. 3. The danger of frosting at the expander valves is more as the air contains moisture content. 
Post a Comment
Read more