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What is Bio - Medical Waste?


Bio - Medical Waste are one type of bio-waste  generated  from health care activities (hospitals, nursing, homes, health centers, laboratories, research centers, blood banks, etc.,). Bio medical wastes may be solid or liquid in nature and also be hazardous as well as non-hazardous.

Bio-medical wastes must be properly managed and disposed off safely to protect the environment. If  it is not properly treated, produces many infectious diseases.




Bio - Medical Waste Rules 1988 and amendments : 

In order to regulate the disposal of  bio-medical wastes, MEF (Ministry Of  Environment and Forest), Govt  of  India, notified Bio-Medical wastes ( management and handling ) Rules 1998 and amended twice in the year of  2000. These rules apply to all hospitals, nursing homes, laboratories, etc., 


Steps Involved In Management of  Bio - Medical Wastes :

Various Steps involved in the management and handling of bio-medical wastes are :

1. Generation and Accumulation.

2. Handling and Storage.

3. Transport and Disposal. 

Step 1 : Generation and Accumulation ( Segregation ): 



Bio-Medical wastes, generated by health care centers, should be collected in the containers, which are  leak proof  and strong to prevent breakage during handling. It should not be mixed with other wastes. 

i) Containers of Bio- medical Wastes are marked with bio hazard symbol. The color of marking is red (or) offer red. 



ii) Discarded sharp materials are collected in specialized boxes called needle boxes. 

Step 2 : Handling & Storage :



Handling refers to the act of manually moving biomedical waste between the point  of generation, accumulation areas, storage locations and on-site treatment facilities.

No untreated bio-medical wastes shall be kept stored beyond a period of 48 hours. 

Step 3 : Treatment and Disposal :



The aim of  biomedical waste treatment is to reduce the waste's and make the waste unrecognizable. Treatment may occur in two places.

i) On-site treatment (or) 

ii) Off - site Treatment 

1.) On-site Treatment :

It involves use of relatively expensive equipment and is used only be very large hospitals and major universities.

2.) Off-site Treatment :

It involves hiring of a bio-medical waste disposal service.

Type Of  Treatment :

a) Incinerator : It will destroy pathogens and sharps.

b) Autoclave  : It uses steam and pressure to sterilize the waste or reduce its microbiological contents.

c) For liquids 1-10% solutions of  bleach load can be used to disinfect biomedical wastes.

Disposal : 

Waste liquids may be disposed off  to a sanitary sewer that leads to a sewage treatment plant. 

 


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