Structure and components of forest ecosystem

 Abiotic components 

Examples - Climatic factors (temperature, light, rainfall) and minerals. 

Abiotic components are physical components (inorganic and organic substances) found in soil and atmosphere. In addition to minerals, the occurence of litter is characteristic features of majority of forests. 

Biotic Components 

1.Producers 

Examples - Trees, shrubs, and ground vegetarian. 

The plants absorb sunlight and produce food through photosynthesis. 

2.Consumers 

i. Primary consumers 

Examples - Ants, flies, insects, mice, deer, squirrels.

They directly depend on the plants for their food. 

ii. Secondary consumers 

Examples - Snakes, birds, fox. 

They directly depend on the herbivores for their food. 

iii. Tertiary consumers 

Examples - Animals like Tiger, lion, etc., 

They depend on the primary carnivores for their food. 

iv. Decomposers 

Examples - Bacteria and fungi .

They decompose the dead plant and animal matter. Rate of decomposition in tropical and sub tropical forests is more rapid than in the temperature forests.