Skip to main content

Biomass Energy and Types Of Biofuels




Biomass Energy is the organic matter, produced by plants or animals, used as sources of Energy. Most of the Biomass is burned directly for heating, cooling and industrial purposes. 

Examples - Wood, crop residues, seeds, cattle dung, sewage, agricultural wastes, etc., 

1.Biofuels 

Biofuels are the fuels, obtained by the fermentation of the biomass. 

i) Ethanol :

Ethanol can be produced from the sugarcane. Its calorific value is less when compared to petrol, and produces much less heat than petrol.

ii)Methanol :

Methanol can be easily obtained from ethanol or sugar-containing plants. Its calorific value is also too low when compared to gasoline and diesel. 

iii)Gasohol : 

Gasohol is the mixture of ethanol + gasoline. In India trial is being carried out to use Gasohol in cars and buses. 

2.Hydrogen Fuel 

Hydrogen can be produced by thermal dissociation or photolysis or electrolysis of water. It posses high calorific value. It is non-polluting, because the combustion product is water.

2H2 + O2 ------------------> 2H2O + 150 KJ

Disadvantages of hydrogen fuel : 

1.Hydrogen is highly inflammable and explosive in nature.

2.Safe handling is required.

3.It is difficult to store and transport. 

Significance Of Bio-Energy :

1. The cost of obtaining bio-energy through bio-gas plant is less than the cost of obtaining energy from fossil fuels.

2.Biomass consumes more CO2 than is released during combustion of biomass. 

3.It provides a stored form of energy and in many cases in a form suitable for vehicle propulsion. 


Labels:

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

SIMPLE CARBURETOR - CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING

CONSTRUCTION OF SIMPLE CARBURETOR :  The main Components of Simple Carburetor are : Float Chamber, float, nozzle, venturi, throttle valve, inlet valve, and metering jet . In the float chamber, a constant level of petrol is maintained by the float and a needle valve.  The float chamber is ventilated to atmosphere.  This is used to maintain atmospheric pressure inside the chamber. The float which is normally a metallic hollow cylinder rises and closes the inlet valve as the fuel level in the float chamber increases to certain level. The mixing chamber contains venturi, nozzle and throttle valve. The venturi tube is fitted with the inlet  manifold. This tube has a narrow opening called venturi. A nozzle is provided just below the centre of this venturi. The nozzle keeps the same level of petrol as that of the level in the float chamber. The mixing chamber has two butterfly valves.  One is to allow air into the mixing chamber known as choke valve. The other is to al...
Post a Comment
Read more

MELTING FURNACES FOR FERROUS METALS : CUPOLA AND ITS WORKING

Various types of melting furnaces are used in different foundry shops, depending upon the quantity of metal to be melted at a time, and the nature of work that is carried out in the shop.  The primary objective in cupola is to produce iron of desired composition, temperature and properties at the required rate in the most economical manner. Besides, this furnace has many distinct advantages over the other types, e.g., simplicity of operation, continuity of production, and increased output coupled with a high degree of efficiency.  Description Of a Cupola : The Cupola Furnace consists of a vertical, cylindrical steel sheet, 6 to 12 mm thick, and lined inside with acid refractory bricks or acid tamping clay. The refractory bricks or the tamping clay used consist of  silicon oxide acid (SiO2) and alumina (Al2O3). The lining is generally thicker in the lower where the temperatures encountered are higher than in the upper region. The shell is mounted either on a brick work fo...
Post a Comment
Read more

ELECTRICAL COMPARATORS AND ITS WORKING

Electrical Comparators are used as a means of  detecting and amplifying small movements of a work contacting elements. An electrical comparator consists essentially of  a pick-up head or transducer for converting a displacement into a corresponding change in current and a meter or recorder connected in the circuit to indicate the electrical change, calibrated to show in terms of displacement. Generally, an amplifier is needed to provide the requisite sensitivity and to match the characteristics of different parts of  the circuit. Electrical comparators can be classified according to the electrical principle used in the pick-up head. Most of the comparators use either a differential transformer, an inductance bridge, a strain gauge or a capacitor as a means of detecting movement of the gauging element. There are different types of  electrical comparators. One kind called an electrolimit gauge is used to check or measure the outside diameter of a  roll. The objec...
Post a Comment
Read more