Bio Gas (or) Gobar Gas and Its Uses

Bio Gas is a mixture of various gases formed by the anaerobic degradation of biological matter (cow dung) in the absence of free oxygen.

Composition of Bio-gas

Methane - 50% -75%

carbon dioxide - 25-50%

Nitrogen - 0-10%

Hydrogen - 0-1%

Hydrogen Sulphide - 0-3%

Oxygen - 0%

Production of Bio-Gas

Bio-gas is produced in a bio-gas plant.

Construction

Bio-gas plant or Gobar gas plant consists of a well like under ground tank (called digester) covered with dome shaped roof with a gas out let pipe. The dome of the digester acts as gas holder. On the left hand side of the digester there is a sloping inlet chamber through which cattle dung + water slurry is introduced. On the right hand side, there is a outlet chamber, through which spent dung slurry gets collected.

Working Of Bio-Gas

Slurry (animal dung + Water) is fed into the digester through the inlet chamber. The slurry, in the digester, is left for about two months for fermentation. Anaerobic micro-organisms are responsible for this action. As a result of anaerobic fermentation, bio-gas is collected in the dome. When sufficient amount of bio-gas is collected in the dome, it exerts a large pressure on the slurry and this in turn forces the spent slurry to over flow tank through the outlet chamber.

Once the Bio-gas plant starts functioning more and more slurry may be fed into digester to get continuous supply of bio-gas.

Uses of bio-gas :

1.Bio-gas is used for cooking food and heating water.

2.It is used to run engines.

3.It is also used as an illuminant in villages.

4.It is used for running tube-well and water pump-set engines.

5.It is directly used in gas turbines and fuel cells for producing electricity.

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